Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and it was used either to refer to the description or study of the useful arts or to allude to technical education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chartered in 1861). The use of the term "technology" has changed significantly over the last 200 years. The spread of paper and printing to the West, as in this printing press, helped scientists and politicians communicate their ideas easily, leading to the Age of Enlightenment an example of technology as cultural force.
Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionary movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology, arguing that it harms the environment and alienates people proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, and the challenges of bioethics. Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new questions in the ethics of technology. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products known as pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. The invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment.ĭevelopments in historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. The later Neolithic Revolution extended this, and quadrupled the sustenance available from a territory.
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The prehistoric invention of shaped stone tools followed by the discovery of how to control fire increased sources of food. The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools.
machines) applying technology by taking an input, changing it according to the system's use, and then producing an outcome are referred to as technology systems or technological systems. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings. Technology ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand" and -λογία, -logia ) is the sum of any techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Electricity consumption and living standards are highly correlated. Such turbines produce most of the electricity used today.
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